海洋信息技术与应用

无人船是海洋技术发展的产物,作为一种新型技术手段目前已在海洋调测和防务领域广泛应用。本文从无人船系统的组成、应用领域和发展现状出发,归纳总结无人船的关键技术,并研究其发展趋势。作为一种水面机动载体,无人船关键技术包括特型平台设计技术、运动控制技术和通信技术3个方面,其核心是围绕任务内容、载荷原理、使用环境特点,以应用设计、功能开发为主体的系统集成和应用。现阶段无人船主要作为传统海上工作方法的补充,在遵守、参照现有各种法规、技术标准要求的前提下,搭载已成型的船用任务载荷,按照载人船舶的作业模式、施工惯例投入各种应用。未来随着材料技术、人工智能、通信技术的发展,以及相关政策、法规的建立、健全,无人船将逐步成为一种独立的技术手段,形成一系列新的作业模式和技术方法。

Unmanned Surface Vehicle(USV) is the product of the development of marine technology.As a new technology,it has been widely used in the field of oceanographic survey and maritime security.Based on the composition,application fields and development status of the USV system,this paper summarizes the key technologies of the USV and analyzes its development trend.As a surface motorized vehicle,the key technologies of USV include three aspects:special platform design,motion control,and communication.Based on the task requirement,load principle,and environment characteristics,the core technology is system integration and application consisting of application design and function development.Currently,USV are mainly used as a supplement to traditional offshore operations.On the premise of observing and referring to the requirements of existing regulations and technical standards,USV are equipped with sophisticated marine mission loads and used in accordance with traditional operating modes and construction practices.With the development of materials technology,artificial intelligence,communication technology,and the establishment and improvement of related policies and regulations,USV will gradually become an independent instrument,forming a series of new operating modes and technical methods.